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2016 ; 51
(2
): 74-85
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Towards a compendium of essential genes - From model organisms to synthetic
lethality in cancer cells
#MMPMID26627871
Zhan T
; Boutros M
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
2016[]; 51
(2
): 74-85
PMID26627871
show ga
Essential genes are defined by their requirement to sustain life in cells or
whole organisms. The systematic identification of essential gene sets not only
allows insights into the fundamental building blocks of life, but may also
provide novel therapeutic targets in oncology. The discovery of essential genes
has been tightly linked to the development and deployment of various screening
technologies. Here, we describe how gene essentiality was addressed in different
eukaryotic model organisms, covering a range of organisms from yeast to mouse. We
describe how increasing knowledge of evolutionarily divergent genomes facilitate
identification of gene essentiality across species. Finally, the impact of gene
essentiality and synthetic lethality on cancer research and the clinical
translation of screening results are highlighted.