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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Ann+Bot
2016 ; 117
(4
): 533-40
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How do secretory products cross the plant cell wall to be released? A new
hypothesis involving cyclic mechanical actions of the protoplast
#MMPMID26929201
Paiva EA
Ann Bot
2016[Apr]; 117
(4
): 533-40
PMID26929201
show ga
BACKGROUND: In plants, the products of secretory activity leave the protoplast
and cross the plasma membrane by means of transporters, fusion with membranous
vesicles or, less commonly, as result of disintegration of the cell. These
mechanisms do not address an intriguing question: How do secretory products cross
the cell wall? Furthermore, how do these substances reach the external surface of
the plant body? Such diverse substances as oils, polysaccharides or nectar are
forced to cross the cell wall and, in fact, do so. How are chemical materials
that are repelled by the cell wall or that are sufficiently viscous to not cross
passively released from plant cells? SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS: I propose a
cell-cycle model developed based on observations of different secreting systems,
some unpublished results and an extensive literature review, aiming to understand
the processes involved in both the secretory process and the release of secretion
products. In the absence of facilitated diffusion, a mechanical action of the
protoplast is necessary to ensure that some substances can cross the cell wall.
The mechanical action of the protoplast, in the form of successive cycles of
contraction and expansion, causes the material accumulated in the periplasmic
space to cross the cell wall and the cuticle. This action is particularly
relevant for the release of lipids, resins and highly viscous hydrophilic
secretions. The proposed cell-cycle model and the statements regarding exudate
release will also apply to secretory glands not elaborated upon here. Continuous
secretion of several days, as observed in extrafloral nectaries, salt glands and
some mucilage-producing glands, is only possible because the process is cyclical.