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2016 ; 110
(6
): 1334-45
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Multiscale Simulations Reveal Key Aspects of the Proton Transport Mechanism in
the ClC-ec1 Antiporter
#MMPMID27028643
Lee S
; Swanson JM
; Voth GA
Biophys J
2016[Mar]; 110
(6
): 1334-45
PMID27028643
show ga
Multiscale reactive molecular dynamics simulations are used to study proton
transport through the central region of ClC-ec1, a widely studied ClC transporter
that enables the stoichiometric exchange of 2 Cl(-) ions for 1 proton (H(+)). It
has long been known that both Cl(-) and proton transport occur through partially
congruent pathways, and that their exchange is strictly coupled. However, the
nature of this coupling and the mechanism of antiporting remain topics of debate.
Here multiscale simulations have been used to characterize proton transport
between E203 (Glu(in)) and E148 (Glu(ex)), the internal and external intermediate
proton binding sites, respectively. Free energy profiles are presented,
explicitly accounting for the binding of Cl(-) along the central pathway, the
dynamically coupled hydration changes of the central region, and conformational
changes of Glu(in) and Glu(ex). We find that proton transport between Glu(in) and
Glu(ex) is possible in both the presence and absence of Cl(-) in the central
binding site, although it is facilitated by the anion presence. These results
support the notion that the requisite coupling between Cl(-) and proton transport
occurs elsewhere (e.g., during proton uptake or release). In addition, proton
transport is explored in the E203K mutant, which maintains proton permeation
despite the substitution of a basic residue for Glu(in). This collection of
calculations provides for the first time, to our knowledge, a detailed picture of
the proton transport mechanism in the central region of ClC-ec1 at a molecular
level.