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10.1073/pnas.1523515113 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1073/pnas.1523515113 C4812730!4812730 !26951652     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26951652 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health |pdf=|usr=}}{{26951652 }} gab.com Text A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health JO: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26951652 #FOAvip Honey bee colony losses are triggered by interacting stress factors consistently associated with high loads of parasites and/or pathogens. A wealth of biotic and abiotic stressors are involved in the induction of this complex multifactorial syndrome, with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the associated deformed wing virus (DWV) apparently playing key roles. The mechanistic basis underpinning this association and the evolutionary implications remain largely obscure. Here we narrow this research gap by demonstrating that DWV, vectored by the Varroa mite, adversely affects humoral and cellular immune responses by interfering with NF-?B signaling. This immunosuppressive effect of the viral pathogen enhances reproduction of the parasitic mite. Our experimental data uncover an unrecognized mutualistic symbiosis between Varroa and DWV, which perpetuates a loop of reciprocal stimulation with escalating negative effects on honey bee immunity and health. These results largely account for the remarkable importance of this mite-virus interaction in the induction of honey bee colony losses. The discovery of this mutualistic association and the elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms sets the stage for a more insightful analysis of how synergistic stress factors contribute to colony collapse, and for the development of new strategies to alleviate this problem. Twit Text FOAVip A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health ????Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26951652 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26951652 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26951652 }}</ref> A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health #MMPMID26951652 Di Prisco G ; Annoscia D ; Margiotta M ; Ferrara R ; Varricchio P ; Zanni V ; Caprio E ; Nazzi F ; Pennacchio F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016[Mar]; 113 (12 ): 3203-8 PMID26951652 show ga Honey bee colony losses are triggered by interacting stress factors consistently associated with high loads of parasites and/or pathogens. A wealth of biotic and abiotic stressors are involved in the induction of this complex multifactorial syndrome, with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the associated deformed wing virus (DWV) apparently playing key roles. The mechanistic basis underpinning this association and the evolutionary implications remain largely obscure. Here we narrow this research gap by demonstrating that DWV, vectored by the Varroa mite, adversely affects humoral and cellular immune responses by interfering with NF-?B signaling. This immunosuppressive effect of the viral pathogen enhances reproduction of the parasitic mite. Our experimental data uncover an unrecognized mutualistic symbiosis between Varroa and DWV, which perpetuates a loop of reciprocal stimulation with escalating negative effects on honey bee immunity and health. These results largely account for the remarkable importance of this mite-virus interaction in the induction of honey bee colony losses. The discovery of this mutualistic association and the elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms sets the stage for a more insightful analysis of how synergistic stress factors contribute to colony collapse, and for the development of new strategies to alleviate this problem. |*Symbiosis [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Bees/*immunology/parasitology/virology [MESH]A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic viru(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing