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2016 ; 7
(2
): 2054-69
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Human ?-defensin 3 contains an oncolytic motif that binds PI(4,5)P2 to mediate
tumour cell permeabilisation
#MMPMID26657293
Phan TK
; Lay FT
; Poon IK
; Hinds MG
; Kvansakul M
; Hulett MD
Oncotarget
2016[Jan]; 7
(2
): 2054-69
PMID26657293
show ga
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs), including taxonomically diverse
defensins, are innate defense molecules that display potent antimicrobial and
immunomodulatory activities. Specific CAPs have also been shown to possess
anticancer activities; however, their mechanisms of action are not well defined.
Recently, the plant defensin NaD1 was shown to induce tumour cell lysis by
directly binding to the plasma membrane phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). The NaD1-lipid interaction was structurally defined
by X-ray crystallography, with the defensin forming a dimer that binds PI(4,5)P2
via its cationic ?2-?3 loops in a 'cationic grip' conformation. In this study, we
show that human ?-defensin 3 (HBD-3) contains a homologous ?2-?3 loop that binds
phosphoinositides. The binding of HBD-3 to PI(4,5)P2 was shown to be critical for
mediating cytolysis of tumour cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism of action
for defensins across diverse species. These data not only identify an
evolutionary conservation of CAP structure and function for lipid binding, but
also suggest that PIP-binding CAPs could be exploited for novel multifunction
therapeutics.