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2013 ; 5
(2
): 121-143
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Two steps back, one step forward: reconstructing the dynamic Danube riverscape
under human influence in Vienna
#MMPMID27069519
Hohensinner S
; Sonnlechner C
; Schmid M
; Winiwarter V
Water Hist
2013[]; 5
(2
): 121-143
PMID27069519
show ga
As part of an interdisciplinary project on the environmental history of the
Viennese Danube, the past river landscape was reconstructed. This article
describes the different types of historical sources used for the GIS-based
reconstruction, the underlying methodological approach and its limitations
regarding reliability and information value. The reconstruction was based on
three cornerstones: (1) the available historical sources; (2) knowledge about
morphological processes typical for the Austrian Danube prior to regulation; and
(3) the interpretation of past hydraulic measures with respect to their
effectiveness and their impact on the river's behaviour. We compiled ten
historical states of the riverscape step-by-step going backwards in time to the
early 16th century. After one historical situation had been completed, we
evaluated its relevance for the temporally younger situations and whether
corrections would have to be made. Such a regressive-iterative approach allows
for permanent critical revision of the reconstructed time segments already
processed. The resulting maps of the Danube floodplain from 1529 to 2010 provide
a solid basis for interpreting the environmental conditions for Vienna's urban
development. They also help to localise certain riverine and urban landmarks
(such as river arms or bridges) relevant for the history of Vienna. We conclude
that the diversity of approaches and findings of the historical and natural
sciences (river morphology, hydrology) provide key synergies.
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