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2016 ; 50
(ä): 27-38
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Single molecule force measurements of perlecan/HSPG2: A key component of the
osteocyte pericellular matrix
#MMPMID26546708
Wijeratne SS
; Martinez JR
; Grindel BJ
; Frey EW
; Li J
; Wang L
; Farach-Carson MC
; Kiang CH
Matrix Biol
2016[Mar]; 50
(ä): 27-38
PMID26546708
show ga
Perlecan/HSPG2, a large, monomeric heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), is a key
component of the lacunar canalicular system (LCS) of cortical bone, where it is
part of the mechanosensing pericellular matrix (PCM) surrounding the osteocytic
processes and serves as a tethering element that connects the osteocyte cell body
to the bone matrix. Within the pericellular space surrounding the osteocyte cell
body, perlecan can experience physiological fluid flow drag force and in that
capacity function as a sensor to relay external stimuli to the osteocyte cell
membrane. We previously showed that a reduction in perlecan secretion alters the
PCM fiber composition and interferes with bone's response to a mechanical loading
in vivo. To test our hypothesis that perlecan core protein can sustain tensile
forces without unfolding under physiological loading conditions, atomic force
microscopy (AFM) was used to capture images of perlecan monomers at nanoscale
resolution and to perform single molecule force measurement (SMFMs). We found
that the core protein of purified full-length human perlecan is of suitable size
to span the pericellular space of the LCS, with a measured end-to-end length of
170±20 nm and a diameter of 2-4 nm. Force pulling revealed a strong protein core
that can withstand over 100 pN of tension well over the drag forces that are
estimated to be exerted on the individual osteocyte tethers. Data fitting with an
extensible worm-like chain model showed that the perlecan protein core has a mean
elastic constant of 890 pN and a corresponding Young's modulus of 71 MPa. We
conclude that perlecan has physical properties that would allow it to act as a
strong but elastic tether in the LCS.