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10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.020 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.020 C4808345!4808345 !26751814     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26751814 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Neurotoxicology 2016 ; 53 (ä): 64-73 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26751814 |t=2016. Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning |pdf=|usr=}}{{26751814 }} gab.com Text Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning JO: Neurotoxicology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26751814 #FOAvip Intranasal delivery is an emerging method for bypassing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and targeting therapeutics to the CNS. Oximes are used to counteract the effects of organophosphate poisoning, but they do not readily cross the BBB. Therefore, they cannot effectively counteract the central neuropathologies caused by cholinergic over-activation when administered peripherally. For these reasons we examined intranasal administration of oximes in an animal model of severe organophosphate poisoning to determine their effectiveness in reducing mortality and seizure-induced neuronal degeneration. Using the paraoxon model of organophosphate poisoning, we administered the standard treatment (intramuscular pralidoxime plus atropine sulphate) to all animals and then compared the effectiveness of intranasal application of obidoxime (OBD) to saline in the control groups. Intranasally administered OBD was effective in partially reducing paraoxon-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the brain and substantially reduced seizure severity and duration. Further, intranasal OBD completely prevented mortality, which was 41% in the animals given standard treatment plus intranasal saline. Fluoro-Jade-B staining revealed extensive neuronal degeneration in the surviving saline-treated animals 24h after paraoxon administration, whereas no detectable degenerating neurons were observed in any of the animals given intranasal OBD 30min before or 5min after paraoxon administration. These findings demonstrate that intranasally administered oximes bypass the BBB more effectively than those administered peripherally and provide an effective method for protecting the brain from organophosphates. The addition of intranasally administered oximes to the current treatment regimen for organophosphate poisoning would improve efficacy, reducing both brain damage and mortality. Twit Text FOAVip Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning ????Neurotoxicology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26751814 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26751814 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26751814 }}</ref> Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning #MMPMID26751814 Krishnan JKS ; Arun P ; Appu AP ; Vijayakumar N ; Figueiredo TH ; Braga MFM ; Baskota S ; Olsen CH ; Farkas N ; Dagata J ; Frey WH 2nd ; Moffett JR ; Namboodiri AMA Neurotoxicology 2016[Mar]; 53 (ä): 64-73 PMID26751814 show ga Intranasal delivery is an emerging method for bypassing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and targeting therapeutics to the CNS. Oximes are used to counteract the effects of organophosphate poisoning, but they do not readily cross the BBB. Therefore, they cannot effectively counteract the central neuropathologies caused by cholinergic over-activation when administered peripherally. For these reasons we examined intranasal administration of oximes in an animal model of severe organophosphate poisoning to determine their effectiveness in reducing mortality and seizure-induced neuronal degeneration. Using the paraoxon model of organophosphate poisoning, we administered the standard treatment (intramuscular pralidoxime plus atropine sulphate) to all animals and then compared the effectiveness of intranasal application of obidoxime (OBD) to saline in the control groups. Intranasally administered OBD was effective in partially reducing paraoxon-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the brain and substantially reduced seizure severity and duration. Further, intranasal OBD completely prevented mortality, which was 41% in the animals given standard treatment plus intranasal saline. Fluoro-Jade-B staining revealed extensive neuronal degeneration in the surviving saline-treated animals 24h after paraoxon administration, whereas no detectable degenerating neurons were observed in any of the animals given intranasal OBD 30min before or 5min after paraoxon administration. These findings demonstrate that intranasally administered oximes bypass the BBB more effectively than those administered peripherally and provide an effective method for protecting the brain from organophosphates. The addition of intranasally administered oximes to the current treatment regimen for organophosphate poisoning would improve efficacy, reducing both brain damage and mortality. |*Organophosphate Poisoning/complications/drug therapy/mortality [MESH] |Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism [MESH] |Administration, Intranasal [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Biological Availability [MESH] |Brain/drug effects/*enzymology [MESH] |Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control [MESH] |Cholinesterase Reactivators/*therapeutic use [MESH] |Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid [MESH] |Dose-Response Relationship, Drug [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Obidoxime Chloride/*therapeutic use [MESH] |Pralidoxime Compounds/metabolism/pharmacokinetics [MESH] |Rats [MESH] |Rats, Sprague-Dawley [MESH] |Statistics, Nonparametric [MESH]Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and C(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing