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2016 ; 37
(4
): 385-96
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An ornamental plant targets epigenetic signaling to block cancer stem cell-driven
colon carcinogenesis
#MMPMID26785732
Ahmed I
; Roy BC
; Subramaniam D
; Ganie SA
; Kwatra D
; Dixon D
; Anant S
; Zargar MA
; Umar S
Carcinogenesis
2016[Apr]; 37
(4
): 385-96
PMID26785732
show ga
Phytochemicals modulate key cellular signaling pathways and have proven
anticancer effects. Alcea rosea(AR; Hollyhock) is an ornamental plant with known
anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored its role as an anticancer
agent. The AR seed extract (AR extract) inhibited proliferation and colony
formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and promoted apoptosis as was
evidenced by cleavage of PARP and increased expression of Bax accompanying
reduced levels of BCL-xl protein in HCT116 and SW480 cells, respectively. In
addition, AR extract-arrested cells at Go/G1 phase of cell cycle and exhibited
decreases in Cyclin D1. AR extract-treated cells exhibited reduced number and
size of colonospheres in a dose-dependent manner concomitant with decreases in
cancer stem cell (CSC) markers ALDH1A1 and Dclk1. Relative levels of ?-catenin,
Notch-ICD, Hes1 and EZH2 were also attenuated by AR extract. TOP-flash reporter
activity, a measure of Wnt signaling, decreased significantly in response to
treatment while overexpression of wild type but not mutant EZH2, reversed the
inhibitory effects. Moreover, WIF1 (a Wnt antagonist) promoter activity increased
dramatically following treatment with AR extract which phenocopied increases in
WIF1 reporter activity following EZH2 knockdown.In vivo, AR extract attenuated
tumor growth due probably to reduced levels of EZH2, ?-catenin, CyclinD1 and
Ki-67 along with reduced levels of CSC markers. Since partial purification via
HPLC yielded a prominent peak, efforts are underway to identify the active
ingredient(s). Taken together, the results clearly suggest that AR extract/active
component(s) can be an effective preventative/therapeutic agent to target colon
cancer.