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2016 ; 21
(4
): 450-63
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Overshadowed by the amygdala: the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis emerges as
key to psychiatric disorders
#MMPMID26878891
Lebow MA
; Chen A
Mol Psychiatry
2016[Apr]; 21
(4
): 450-63
PMID26878891
show ga
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a center of integration for
limbic information and valence monitoring. The BNST, sometimes referred to as the
extended amygdala, is located in the basal forebrain and is a sexually dimorphic
structure made up of between 12 and 18 sub-nuclei. These sub-nuclei are rich with
distinct neuronal subpopulations of receptors, neurotransmitters, transporters
and proteins. The BNST is important in a range of behaviors such as: the stress
response, extended duration fear states and social behavior, all crucial
determinants of dysfunction in human psychiatric diseases. Most research on
stress and psychiatric diseases has focused on the amygdala, which regulates
immediate responses to fear. However, the BNST, and not the amygdala, is the
center of the psychogenic circuit from the hippocampus to the paraventricular
nucleus. This circuit is important in the stimulation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, the BNST has been largely overlooked
with respect to its possible dysregulation in mood and anxiety disorders, social
dysfunction and psychological trauma, all of which have clear gender disparities.
In this review, we will look in-depth at the anatomy and projections of the BNST,
and provide an overview of the current literature on the relevance of BNST
dysregulation in psychiatric diseases.