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2016 ; 7
(ä): 284
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Biogeochemical and Microbial Variation across 5500 km of Antarctic Surface
Sediment Implicates Organic Matter as a Driver of Benthic Community Structure
#MMPMID27047451
Learman DR
; Henson MW
; Thrash JC
; Temperton B
; Brannock PM
; Santos SR
; Mahon AR
; Halanych KM
Front Microbiol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 284
PMID27047451
show ga
Western Antarctica, one of the fastest warming locations on Earth, is a unique
environment that is underexplored with regards to biodiversity. Although pelagic
microbial communities in the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctic waters have
been well-studied, there are fewer investigations of benthic communities and most
have a focused geographic range. We sampled surface sediment from 24 sites across
a 5500 km region of Western Antarctica (covering the Ross Sea to the Weddell Sea)
to examine relationships between microbial communities and sediment geochemistry.
Sequencing of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes showed microbial communities in
sediments from the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and Western Antarctica (WA),
including the Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen Seas, could be distinguished by
correlations with organic matter concentrations and stable isotope fractionation
(total organic carbon; TOC, total nitrogen; TN, and ?(13)C). Overall, samples
from the AP were higher in nutrient content (TOC, TN, and NH4 (+)) and
communities in these samples had higher relative abundances of operational
taxonomic units (OTUs) classified as the diatom, Chaetoceros, a marine cercozoan,
and four OTUs classified as Flammeovirgaceae or Flavobacteria. As these OTUs were
strongly correlated with TOC, the data suggests the diatoms could be a source of
organic matter and the Bacteroidetes and cercozoan are grazers that consume the
organic matter. Additionally, samples from WA have lower nutrients and were
dominated by Thaumarchaeota, which could be related to their known ability to
thrive as lithotrophs. This study documents the largest analysis of benthic
microbial communities to date in the Southern Ocean, representing almost half the
continental shoreline of Antarctica, and documents trophic interactions and
coupling of pelagic and benthic communities. Our results indicate potential
modifications in carbon sequestration processes related to change in community
composition, identifying a prospective mechanism that links climate change to
carbon availability.