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2016 ; 30
(6
): 611-21
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Building up the nucleus: nuclear organization in the establishment of totipotency
and pluripotency during mammalian development
#MMPMID26980186
Borsos M
; Torres-Padilla ME
Genes Dev
2016[Mar]; 30
(6
): 611-21
PMID26980186
show ga
In mammals, epigenetic reprogramming, the acquisition and loss of totipotency,
and the first cell fate decision all occur within a 3-d window after
fertilization from the one-cell zygote to the formation of the blastocyst. These
processes are poorly understood in molecular detail, yet this is an essential
prerequisite to uncover principles of stem cells, chromatin biology, and thus
regenerative medicine. A unique feature of preimplantation development is the
drastic genome-wide changes occurring to nuclear architecture. From studying
somatic and in vitro cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs) it is becoming
increasingly established that the three-dimensional (3D) positions of genomic
loci relative to each other and to specific compartments of the nucleus can act
on the regulation of gene expression, potentially driving cell fate. However, the
functionality, mechanisms, and molecular characteristics of the changes in
nuclear organization during preimplantation development are only now beginning to
be unraveled. Here, we discuss the peculiarities of nuclear compartments and
chromatin organization during mammalian preimplantation development in the
context of the transition from totipotency to pluripotency.