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10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06017

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06017
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C4798233!4798233!26370892
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid26370892      Hypertension 2015 ; 66 (5): 1034-41
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  • The role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the sympathoexcitatory effects of leptin #MMPMID26370892
  • Shi Z; Li B; Brooks VL
  • Hypertension 2015[Nov]; 66 (5): 1034-41 PMID26370892show ga
  • Leptin binds to receptors in multiple hypothalamic nuclei to increase sympathetic nerve activity; however, the neurocircuitry is unclear. Here, using anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, we investigated the role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin slowly increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure, as well as baroreflex control of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate. Inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus with muscimol completely reversed leptin?s effects. Blockade of paraventricular melanocortin 3/4 receptors with SHU9119 or ionotropic glutamate receptors with kynurenate, alone or together, each partially reversed the effects of leptin, implicating increased activation of glutamate and melanocortin 3/4 receptors. Conversely, while blockade of Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, these responses were prevented by intracerebroventricular or arcuate nucleus injections of leptin, suggesting that, at least in part, leptin also increases sympathetic nerve activity by suppression of tonic Neuropeptide Y inhibitory inputs from the arcuate nucleus. Injection of the melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist melanotan-II into the paraventricular nucleus increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate only after blockade of Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors. Therefore, we conclude that leptin increases lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in part via increased glutamatergic and ?-melanocyte stimulating hormone drive of paraventricular sympathoexcitatory neurons, the latter of which requires simultaneous withdrawal of tonic Neuropeptide Y inhibition.
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