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10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06017 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06017 C4798233!4798233 !26370892     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26370892 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Hypertension 2015 ; 66 (5 ): 1034-41 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26370892 |t=2015. Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Leptin |pdf=|usr=}}{{26370892 }} gab.com Text Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Leptin JO: Hypertension http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26370892 #FOAvip Leptin binds to receptors in multiple hypothalamic nuclei to increase sympathetic nerve activity; however, the neurocircuitry is unclear. Here, using anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, we investigated the role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin slowly increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and baroreflex control of LSNA and heart rate. Inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus with muscimol completely reversed leptin's effects. Blockade of paraventricular melanocortin 3/4 receptors with SHU9119 or ionotropic glutamate receptors with kynurenate, alone or together, each partially reversed the effects of leptin, implicating increased activation of glutamate and melanocortin 3/4 receptors. Conversely, although blockade of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus increased LSNA, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, these responses were prevented by intracerebroventricular or arcuate nucleus injections of leptin, suggesting that, at least in part, leptin also increases sympathetic nerve activity by suppression of tonic neuropeptide Y inhibitory inputs from the arcuate nucleus. Injection of the melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist melanotan-II into the paraventricular nucleus increased LSNA, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate only after blockade of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors. Therefore, we conclude that leptin increases LSNA in part via increased glutamatergic and ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone drive of paraventricular sympathoexcitatory neurons, the latter of which requires simultaneous withdrawal of tonic neuropeptide Y inhibition. Twit Text FOAVip Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Leptin ????Hypertension http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26370892 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26370892 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26370892 }}</ref> Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Leptin #MMPMID26370892 Shi Z ; Li B ; Brooks VL Hypertension 2015[Nov]; 66 (5 ): 1034-41 PMID26370892 show ga Leptin binds to receptors in multiple hypothalamic nuclei to increase sympathetic nerve activity; however, the neurocircuitry is unclear. Here, using anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, we investigated the role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin slowly increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and baroreflex control of LSNA and heart rate. Inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus with muscimol completely reversed leptin's effects. Blockade of paraventricular melanocortin 3/4 receptors with SHU9119 or ionotropic glutamate receptors with kynurenate, alone or together, each partially reversed the effects of leptin, implicating increased activation of glutamate and melanocortin 3/4 receptors. Conversely, although blockade of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus increased LSNA, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, these responses were prevented by intracerebroventricular or arcuate nucleus injections of leptin, suggesting that, at least in part, leptin also increases sympathetic nerve activity by suppression of tonic neuropeptide Y inhibitory inputs from the arcuate nucleus. Injection of the melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist melanotan-II into the paraventricular nucleus increased LSNA, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate only after blockade of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors. Therefore, we conclude that leptin increases LSNA in part via increased glutamatergic and ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone drive of paraventricular sympathoexcitatory neurons, the latter of which requires simultaneous withdrawal of tonic neuropeptide Y inhibition. |Animals [MESH] |Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology [MESH] |Glutamic Acid/physiology [MESH] |Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology [MESH] |Hypothalamus/*physiology [MESH] |Leptin/*pharmacology [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Models, Animal [MESH] |Neuropeptide Y/physiology [MESH] |Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*physiology [MESH] |Rats [MESH] |Rats, Sprague-Dawley [MESH] |Sympathetic Nervous System/*drug effects/*physiology [MESH]Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympath(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing