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2016 ; 7
(ä): 29551
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The relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and narrative structure
among adolescent terrorist-attack survivors
#MMPMID26988972
Filkuková P
; Jensen TK
; Hafstad GS
; Minde HT
; Dyb G
Eur J Psychotraumatol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 29551
PMID26988972
show ga
BACKGROUND: The structure of trauma narratives is considered to be related to
posttraumatic stress symptomatology and thus the capacity to make a coherent
narrative after stressful events is crucial for mental health. OBJECTIVE: The aim
of this study is to understand more of the relationship between narrative
structure and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). More specifically, we
investigated whether internal and external focus, organization, fragmentation,
and length differed between two groups of adolescent survivors of a mass
shooting, one group with low levels of PTSS and one group with high levels of
PTSS. METHOD: The sample comprised 30 adolescents who survived the shooting at
Utøya Island in Norway in 2011. They were interviewed 4-5 months after the
shooting and provided a free narrative of the event. PTSS were assessed using the
UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (PTSD-RI). RESULTS: We found
that survivors with high levels of PTSS described more external events and fewer
internal events in their narratives compared with survivors with low levels of
symptoms. The analysis also showed that especially narratives containing more
descriptions of dialogue and fewer organized thoughts were related to higher
levels of PTSS. The groups did not differ in levels of narrative fragmentation or
in length of the narratives. CONCLUSION: Specific attributes of narrative
structure proved to be related to the level of PTSS. On the basis of our results,
we can recommend that practitioners focus especially on two elements of the
trauma narratives, namely, the amount of external events, particularly dialogues,
within the narrative and the number of organized thoughts. Participants with high
levels of PTSS provided trauma narratives with low amount of organized
(explanatory) thoughts accompanied by detailed descriptions of dialogues and
actions, which is indicative for "here and now" quality of recall and a lack of
trauma processing.