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2016 ; 11
(3
): e0151693
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English Wikipedia
Intracultural Differences in Local Botanical Knowledge and Knowledge Loss among
the Mexican Isthmus Zapotecs
#MMPMID26986077
Saynes-Vásquez A
; Vibrans H
; Vergara-Silva F
; Caballero J
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(3
): e0151693
PMID26986077
show ga
This study reports on the socio-demographic and locality factors that influence
ethnobiological knowledge in three communities of Zapotec indigenous people of
the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. It uses local botanical nomenclature as a
proxy for general ethnobiological knowledge. In each of these communities (one
urban and two rural), 100 adult men were interviewed aided with a field
herbarium. Fifty had a background in farming, and 50 worked in the secondary or
tertiary sector as their main economic activity, totaling 300 interviews. Using a
field herbarium with samples of 30 common and rare wild regional species, we
documented visual recognition, knowledge of the local life form, generic and
specific names and uses (five knowledge levels measuring knowledge depth). The
relationship between sociodemographic variables and knowledge was analyzed with
simple correlations. Differences between the three communities and the five
knowledge levels were then evaluated with a discriminant analysis. A general
linear analysis identified factors and covariables that influenced the observed
differences. Differences between the groups with different economic activities
were estimated with a t-test for independent samples. Most of the relationships
found between sociodemographic variables and plant knowledge were expected: age
and rurality were positively related with knowledge and years of formal schooling
was negatively related. However, the somewhat less rural site had more
traditional knowledge due to local circumstances. The general linear model
explained 70-77% of the variation, a high value. It showed that economic activity
was by far the most important factor influencing knowledge, by a factor of five.
The interaction of locality and economic activity followed. The discriminant
analysis assigned interviewees correctly to their localities in 94% of the cases,
strengthening the evidence for intracultural variation. Both sociodemographic and
historic intracultural differences heavily influence local knowledge.