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2016 ; 90
(7
): 3650-60
Nephropedia Template TP
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C-Terminal DxD-Containing Sequences within Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
Determine Matrix Protein Compatibility and Can Direct Foreign Proteins into
Budding Particles
#MMPMID26792745
Ray G
; Schmitt PT
; Schmitt AP
J Virol
2016[Jan]; 90
(7
): 3650-60
PMID26792745
show ga
Paramyxovirus particles are formed by a budding process coordinated by viral
matrix (M) proteins. M proteins coalesce at sites underlying infected cell
membranes and induce other viral components, including viral glycoproteins and
viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs), to assemble at these locations from
which particles bud. M proteins interact with the nucleocapsid (NP or N)
components of vRNPs, and these interactions enable production of infectious,
genome-containing virions. For the paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)
and mumps virus, M-NP interaction also contributes to efficient production of
virus-like particles (VLPs) in transfected cells. A DLD sequence near the
C-terminal end of PIV5 NP protein was previously found to be necessary for M-NP
interaction and efficient VLP production. Here, we demonstrate that
15-residue-long, DLD-containing sequences derived from either the PIV5 or Nipah
virus nucleocapsid protein C-terminal ends are sufficient to direct packaging of
a foreign protein, Renilla luciferase, into budding VLPs. Mumps virus NP protein
harbors DWD in place of the DLD sequence found in PIV5 NP protein, and
consequently, PIV5 NP protein is incompatible with mumps virus M protein. A
single amino acid change converting DLD to DWD within PIV5 NP protein induced
compatibility between these proteins and allowed efficient production of mumps
VLPs. Our data suggest a model in which paramyxoviruses share an overall common
strategy for directing M-NP interactions but with important variations contained
within DLD-like sequences that play key roles in defining M/NP protein
compatibilities. IMPORTANCE: Paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide range of
diseases that affect both humans and animals. Paramyxovirus pathogens include
measles virus, mumps virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, and the zoonotic
paramyxoviruses Nipah virus and Hendra virus. Infectivity of paramyxovirus
particles depends on matrix-nucleocapsid protein interactions which enable
efficient packaging of encapsidated viral RNA genomes into budding virions. In
this study, we have defined regions near the C-terminal ends of paramyxovirus
nucleocapsid proteins that are important for matrix protein interaction and that
are sufficient to direct a foreign protein into budding particles. These results
advance our basic understanding of paramyxovirus genome packaging interactions
and also have implications for the potential use of virus-like particles as
protein delivery tools.