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2016 ; 11
(3
): e0150436
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gab.com Text
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Lap Shear and Impact Testing of Ochre and Beeswax in Experimental Middle Stone
Age Compound Adhesives
#MMPMID26983080
Kozowyk PR
; Langejans GH
; Poulis JA
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(3
): e0150436
PMID26983080
show ga
The production of compound adhesives using disparate ingredients is seen as some
of the best evidence of advanced cognition outside of the use of symbolism.
Previous field and laboratory testing of adhesives has shown the complexities
involved in creating an effective Middle Stone Age glue using Acacia gum.
However, it is currently unclear how efficient different adhesive recipes are,
how much specific ingredients influence their performance, and how difficult it
may have been for those ingredients to be combined to maximum effect. We
conducted a series of laboratory-based lap shear and impact tests, following
modern adhesion testing standards, to determine the efficacy of compound
adhesives, with particular regard to the ingredient ratios. We tested rosin
(colophony) and gum adhesives, containing additives of beeswax and ochre in
varying ratios. During both lap shear and impact tests compound rosin adhesives
performed better than single component rosin adhesives, and pure acacia gum was
the strongest. The large difference in performance between each base adhesive and
the significant changes in performance that occur due to relatively small changes
in ingredient ratios lend further support to the notion that high levels of skill
and knowledge were required to consistently produce the most effective adhesives.