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2016 ; 1
(ä): 1-8
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English Wikipedia
Effects of intratracheally instilled laser printer-emitted engineered
nanoparticles in a mouse model: A case study of toxicological implications from
nanomaterials released during consumer use
#MMPMID26989787
Pirela SV
; Lu X
; Miousse I
; Sisler JD
; Qian Y
; Guo N
; Koturbash I
; Castranova V
; Thomas T
; Godleski J
; Demokritou P
NanoImpact
2016[Jan]; 1
(ä): 1-8
PMID26989787
show ga
Incorporation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into toners used in laser
printers has led to countless quality and performance improvements. However, the
release of ENMs during printing (consumer use) has raised concerns about their
potential adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to use "real world"
printer-emitted particles (PEPs), rather than raw toner powder, and assess the
pulmonary responses following exposure by intratracheal instillation. Nine-week
old male Balb/c mice were exposed to various doses of PEPs (0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg
body weight) by intratracheal instillation. These exposure doses are comparable
to real world human inhalation exposures ranging from 13.7 to 141.9 h of
printing. Toxicological parameters reflecting distinct mechanisms of action were
evaluated, including lung membrane integrity, inflammation and regulation of DNA
methylation patterns. Results from this in vivo toxicological analysis showed
that while intratracheal instillation of PEPs caused no changes in the lung
membrane integrity, there was a pulmonary immune response, indicated by an
elevation in neutrophil and macrophage percentage over the vehicle control and
low dose PEPs groups. Additionally, exposure to PEPs upregulated expression of
the Ccl5 (Rantes), Nos1 and Ucp2 genes in the murine lung tissue and modified
components of the DNA methylation machinery (Dnmt3a) and expression of
transposable element (TE) LINE-1 compared to the control group. These genes are
involved in both the repair process from oxidative damage and the initiation of
immune responses to foreign pathogens. The results are in agreement with findings
from previous in vitro cellular studies and suggest that PEPs may cause immune
responses in addition to modifications in gene expression in the murine lung at
doses that can be comparable to real world exposure scenarios, thereby raising
concerns of deleterious health effects.