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Trachoma: An Update on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment #MMPMID22569465
Bhosai SJ; Bailey RL; Gaynor BD; Lietman TM
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2012[Jul]; 23 (4): 288-95 PMID22569465show ga
Purpose of review: To review recent clinical and epidemiological studies regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of trachoma. Recent Findings: Newer studies propose novel diagnostic tests that appear sensitive for the detection of ocular chlamydial infection. Immunologic studies suggest that chronic inflammation can lead to progressive scarring, even in the absence of chlamydia. Confocal microscopy can obtain accurate grading of scarring progression. Mass oral azithromycin distributions remain a mainstay of treatment; studies have assessed the appropriate frequency and duration of treatment programs. Current studies have also explored ancillary effects of azithromycin distribution on mortality and bacterial infections. Summary: Trachoma programs have had remarkable success at reducing chlamydial infection and clinical signs of trachoma. Recent work suggests improved methods to monitor infection and scarring, and better ways to distribute treatment. While studies continue to demonstrate reduction in infection in hyperendemic areas, more work will need to be done to achieve elimination of this blinding disease.