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CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinal center activity #MMPMID26908875
Havenar-Daughton C; Lindqvist M; Heit A; Wu JE; Reiss SM; Kendric K; Bélanger S; Kasturi SP; Landais E; Akondy RS; McGuire HM; Bothwell M; Vagefi PA; Scully E; Tomaras GD; Davis MM; Poignard P; Ahmed R; Walker BD; Pulendran B; McElrath MJ; Kaufmann DE; Crotty S; Price MA; Gilmour J; Fast P; Kamali A; Sanders EJ; Onzala O; Allen S; Hunter E; Karita E; Kilembe W; Lakhi S; Inambao M
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016[Mar]; 113 (10): 2702-7 PMID26908875show ga
A major challenge for vaccine science is that there is no way to measure germinal center activity in humans. This challenge is particularly acute for human clinical trials of candidate vaccines (and most nonhuman primate studies of candidate vaccines), because germinal centers are the engines of Ab affinity maturation, and generation of highly affinity-matured Ab responses is the goal of all Ab-eliciting vaccines. Here, we report that we have identified the chemokine CXCL13 [chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13] as a biomarker of germinal center activity. We show explicit relationships between plasma CXCL13 concentrations and germinal center frequencies in lymph nodes in a series of different conditions, including licensed and experimental vaccines, and in humans, nonhuman primates, and mice.