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2016 ; 10
(3
): e0004535
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English Wikipedia
Screening of the Open Source Malaria Box Reveals an Early Lead Compound for the
Treatment of Alveolar Echinococcosis
#MMPMID26967740
Stadelmann B
; Rufener R
; Aeschbacher D
; Spiliotis M
; Gottstein B
; Hemphill A
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
2016[Mar]; 10
(3
): e0004535
PMID26967740
show ga
The metacestode (larval) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes
alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a very severe and in many cases incurable disease.
To date, benzimidazoles such as albendazole and mebendazole are the only approved
chemotherapeutical treatment options. Benzimidazoles inhibit metacestode
proliferation, but do not act parasiticidal. Thus, benzimidazoles have to be
taken a lifelong, can cause adverse side effects such as hepatotoxicity, and are
ineffective in some patients. We here describe a newly developed screening
cascade for the evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of new compounds that
includes assessment of parasiticidal activity. The Malaria Box from Medicines for
Malaria Venture (MMV), comprised of 400 commercially available chemicals that
show in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum, was repurposed. Primary
screening was carried out at 10 ?M by employing the previously described PGI
assay, and resulted in the identification of 24 compounds that caused physical
damage in metacestodes. Seven out of these 24 drugs were also active at 1 ?M.
Dose-response assays revealed that only 2 compounds, namely MMV665807 and
MMV665794, exhibited an EC50 value below 5 ?M. Assessments using human foreskin
fibroblasts and Reuber rat hepatoma cells showed that the salicylanilide
MMV665807 was less toxic for these two mammalian cell lines than for
metacestodes. The parasiticidal activity of MMV665807 was then confirmed using
isolated germinal layer cell cultures as well as metacestode vesicles by
employing viability assays, and its effect on metacestodes was morphologically
evaluated by electron microscopy. However, both oral and intraperitoneal
application of MMV665807 to mice experimentally infected with E. multilocularis
metacestodes did not result in any reduction of the parasite load.