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NAFLD causes selective CD4+ T lymphocyte loss and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis #MMPMID26934227
Ma C; Kesarwala AH; Eggert T; Medina-Echeverz J; Kleiner DE; Jin P; Stroncek DF; Terabe M; Kapoor V; ElGindi M; Han M; Thornton AM; Zhang H; Egger M; Luo J; Felsher DW; McVicar DW; Weber A; Heikenwalder M; Greten TF
Nature 2016[Mar]; 531 (7593): 253-7 PMID26934227show ga
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer related death. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large proportion of the US population and is considered a metabolic predisposition to liver cancer 1-5. However, the role of adaptive immune responses in NAFLD-promoted HCC is largely unknown. Here, we show that dysregulation of lipid metabolism in NAFLD causes a selective loss of intrahepatic CD4+ but not CD8+ T lymphocytes leading to accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis. We also found that CD4+ T lymphocytes have greater mitochondrial mass than CD8+ T lymphocytes and generate higher levels of mitochondrially-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Disruption of mitochondrial function by linoleic acid, a fatty acid accumulated in NAFLD, causes more oxidative damage than other free fatty acids such as palmitic acid, and mediates selective loss of intrahepatic CD4+ T lymphocytes. In vivo blockade of ROS reversed NAFLD-induced hepatic CD4+ T lymphocyte decrease and delayed NAFLD-promoted HCC. Our results provide an unexpected link between lipid dysregulation and impaired anti-tumor surveillance.