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10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00348 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00348 C4785144!4785144!27014154     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Psychol 2016 ; 7 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27014154|t=2016. Psychopaths Show Enhanced Amygdala Activation during Fear Conditioning |pdf=|usr=}}{{27014154}} gab.com Text Psychopaths Show Enhanced Amygdala Activation during Fear Conditioning JO: Front Psychol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27014154 #FOAvip Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by emotional deficits and a failure to inhibit impulsive behavior and is often subdivided into ?primary? and ?secondary? psychopathic subtypes. The maladaptive behavior related to primary psychopathy is thought to reflect constitutional ?fearlessness,? while the problematic behavior related to secondary psychopathy is motivated by other factors. The fearlessness observed in psychopathy has often been interpreted as reflecting a fundamental deficit in amygdala function, and previous studies have provided support for a low-fear model of psychopathy. However, many of these studies fail to use appropriate screening procedures, use liberal inclusion criteria, or have used unconventional approaches to assay amygdala function. We measured brain activity with BOLD imaging in primary and secondary psychopaths and non-psychopathic control subjects during Pavlovian fear conditioning. In contrast to the low-fear model, we observed normal fear expression in primary psychopaths. Psychopaths also displayed greater differential BOLD activity in the amygdala relative to matched controls. Inverse patterns of activity were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for primary versus secondary psychopaths. Primary psychopaths exhibited a pattern of activity in the dorsal and ventral ACC consistent with enhanced fear expression, while secondary psychopaths exhibited a pattern of activity in these regions consistent with fear inhibition. These results contradict the low-fear model of psychopathy and suggest that the low fear observed for psychopaths in previous studies may be specific to secondary psychopaths. Twit Text FOAVip Psychopaths Show Enhanced Amygdala Activation during Fear Conditioning ????Front Psychol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27014154 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27014154 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27014154}}</ref> Psychopaths Show Enhanced Amygdala Activation during Fear Conditioning #MMPMID27014154 Schultz DH; Balderston NL; Baskin-Sommers AR; Larson CL; Helmstetter FJ Front Psychol 2016[]; 7 (ä): ä PMID27014154show ga Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by emotional deficits and a failure to inhibit impulsive behavior and is often subdivided into ?primary? and ?secondary? psychopathic subtypes. The maladaptive behavior related to primary psychopathy is thought to reflect constitutional ?fearlessness,? while the problematic behavior related to secondary psychopathy is motivated by other factors. The fearlessness observed in psychopathy has often been interpreted as reflecting a fundamental deficit in amygdala function, and previous studies have provided support for a low-fear model of psychopathy. However, many of these studies fail to use appropriate screening procedures, use liberal inclusion criteria, or have used unconventional approaches to assay amygdala function. We measured brain activity with BOLD imaging in primary and secondary psychopaths and non-psychopathic control subjects during Pavlovian fear conditioning. In contrast to the low-fear model, we observed normal fear expression in primary psychopaths. Psychopaths also displayed greater differential BOLD activity in the amygdala relative to matched controls. Inverse patterns of activity were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for primary versus secondary psychopaths. Primary psychopaths exhibited a pattern of activity in the dorsal and ventral ACC consistent with enhanced fear expression, while secondary psychopaths exhibited a pattern of activity in these regions consistent with fear inhibition. These results contradict the low-fear model of psychopathy and suggest that the low fear observed for psychopaths in previous studies may be specific to secondary psychopaths. äPsychopaths Show Enhanced Amygdala Activation during Fear Conditioning(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing