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Multisensory Tracking of Objects in Darkness: Capture of Positive Afterimages by
the Tactile and Proprioceptive Senses
#MMPMID26959233
Stone BW
; Tinker J
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(3
): e0150714
PMID26959233
show ga
This paper reports on three experiments investigating the contribution of
different sensory modalities to the tracking of objects moved in total darkness.
Participants sitting in the dark were exposed to a brief, bright flash which
reliably induced a positive visual afterimage of the scene so illuminated. If the
participants subsequently move their hand in the darkness, the visual afterimage
of that hand fades or disappears; this is presumably due to conflict between the
illusory visual afterimage (of the hand in its original location) and other
information (e.g., proprioceptive) from a general mechanism for tracking body
parts. This afterimage disappearance effect also occurs for held objects which
are moved in the dark, and some have argued that this represents a case of body
schema extension, i.e. the rapid incorporation of held external objects into the
body schema. We demonstrate that the phenomenon is not limited to held objects
and occurs in conditions where incorporation into the body schema is unlikely.
Instead, we propose that the disappearance of afterimages of objects moved in
darkness comes from a general mechanism for object tracking which integrates
input from multiple sensory systems. This mechanism need not be limited to
tracking body parts, and thus we need not invoke body schema extension to explain
the afterimage disappearance. In this series of experiments, we test whether
auditory feedback of object movement can induce afterimage disappearance,
demonstrate that the disappearance effect scales with the magnitude of
proprioceptive feedback, and show that tactile feedback alone is sufficient for
the effect. Together, these data demonstrate that the visual percept of a
positive afterimage is constructed not just from visual input of the scene when
light reaches the eyes, but in conjunction with input from multiple other senses.
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