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2016 ; 21
(1
): 27-35
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A Review of Pneumococcal Vaccines: Current Polysaccharide Vaccine Recommendations
and Future Protein Antigens
#MMPMID26997927
Daniels CC
; Rogers PD
; Shelton CM
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther
2016[Jan]; 21
(1
): 27-35
PMID26997927
show ga
This review describes development of currently available pneumococcal vaccines,
provides summary tables of current pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in
children and adults, and describes new potential vaccine antigens in the
pipeline. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacteria responsible for pneumonia,
otitis media, meningitis and bacteremia, remains a cause of morbidity and
mortality in both children and adults. Introductions of unconjugated and
conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have each reduced the rate of
pneumococcal infections caused by the organism S. pneumoniae. The first vaccine
developed, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), protected
adults and children older than 2 years of age against invasive disease caused by
the 23 capsular serotypes contained in the vaccine. Because PPSV23 did not elicit
a protective immune response in children younger than 2 years of age, the
7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) containing seven of the most
common serotypes from PPSV23 in pediatric invasive disease was developed for use
in children younger than 2 years of age. The last vaccine to be developed, the
13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), contains the seven serotypes in
PCV7, five additional serotypes from PPSV23, and a new serotype not contained in
PPSV23 or PCV7. Serotype replacement with virulent strains that are not contained
in the polysaccharide vaccines has been observed after vaccine implementation and
stresses the need for continued research into novel vaccine antigens. We describe
eight potential protein antigens that are in the pipeline for new pneumococcal
vaccines.