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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Antimicrob+Agents+Chemother
2015 ; 60
(3
): 1515-20
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Exploring Synergy between Classic Mutagens and Antibiotics To Examine Mechanisms
of Synergy and Antibiotic Action
#MMPMID26711761
Song LY
; D'Souza S
; Lam K
; Kang TM
; Yeh P
; Miller JH
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2015[Dec]; 60
(3
): 1515-20
PMID26711761
show ga
We used classical mutagens in Gram-negative Escherichia coli to study synergies
with different classes of antibiotics, test models of antibiotic mechanisms of
action, and examine the basis of synergy. We used 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide
(4NQO), zebularine (ZEB), 5-azacytidine (5AZ), 2-aminopurine (2AP), and
5-bromodeoxyuridine (5BrdU) as mutagens (with bactericidal potency of 4NQO > ZEB
> 5AZ > 2AP > 5BrdU) and vancomycin (VAN), ciprofloxacin (CPR), trimethoprim
(TMP), gentamicin (GEN), tetracycline (TET), erythromycin (ERY), and
chloramphenicol (CHL) as antibiotics. We detected the strongest synergies with
4NQO, an agent that oxidizes guanines and ultimately results in double-strand
breaks when paired with the bactericidal antibiotics VAN, TMP, CPR, and GEN, but
no synergies with the bacteriostatic antibiotics TET, ERY, and CHL. Each of the
other mutagens displays synergies with the bactericidal antibiotics to various
degrees that reflect their potencies, as well as with some of the other mutagens.
The results support recent models showing that bactericidal antibiotics kill
bacteria principally by ultimately generating more double-strand breaks than can
be repaired. We discuss the synergies seen here and elsewhere as representing
dose effects of not the proximal target damage but rather the ultimate resulting
double-strand breaks. We also used the results of pairwise tests to place the
classic mutagens into functional antibacterial categories within a previously
defined drug interaction network.