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10.1186/s12974-016-0517-7 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12974-016-0517-7 C4772340!4772340!26925576     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 225.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 225.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 225.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 225.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 225.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 225.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 259.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 259.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 259.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Neuroinflammation 2016 ; 13 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26925576|t=2016. Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients |pdf=|usr=}}{{26925576}} gab.com Text Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients JO: J Neuroinflammation http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26925576 #FOAvip Background: Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of depression. Key inflammatory markers as well as kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN), both tryptophan metabolites, have been associated with depressive symptoms and suicidality. The aim of the present study is to investigate the peripheral concentration of cytokines and tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites in patients with unipolar treatment-resistant depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the most effective treatment for depression. Methods: Cytokines in plasma from patients with major depressive disorder (MDD; n?=?19) and healthy volunteers (n?=?14) were analyzed with electrochemiluminescence detection. Tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC/MS. KYNA was analyzed in a second healthy control cohort (n?=?22). Results: Patients with MDD had increased plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 compared to healthy volunteers (P?<?0.05). We also found an altered kynurenine metabolism in these patients displayed by decreased plasma levels of KYNA (P?<?0.0001) as well as a significantly increased QUIN/KYNA ratio (P?<?0.001). Plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, and QUIN did not differ between patients and controls. Treatment with ECT was associated with a significant decrease in the plasma levels of tryptophan (P?<?0.05), kynurenine (P?<?0.01), and QUIN (P?<?0.001), whereas plasma levels of KYNA did not change. The QUIN/KYNA ratio was found to significantly decrease in ECT-treated patients (P?<?0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between symptom severity and kynurenine levels at baseline (r?=??0.67, P?=?0.002). Conclusions: This study confirms an imbalanced kynurenine pathway in MDD supporting the hypothesis of a netstimulation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the disorder. Treatment with ECT profoundly decreased QUIN, an NMDA-receptor agonist previously suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, an effect that might have bearing for the good clinical outcome of ECT. Twit Text FOAVip Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients ????J Neuroinflammation http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26925576 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26925576 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26925576}}</ref> Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients #MMPMID26925576 Schwieler L; Samuelsson M; Frye MA; Bhat M; Schuppe-Koistinen I; Jungholm O; Johansson AG; Landén M; Sellgren CM; Erhardt S J Neuroinflammation 2016[]; 13 (ä): ä PMID26925576show ga Background: Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of depression. Key inflammatory markers as well as kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN), both tryptophan metabolites, have been associated with depressive symptoms and suicidality. The aim of the present study is to investigate the peripheral concentration of cytokines and tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites in patients with unipolar treatment-resistant depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the most effective treatment for depression. Methods: Cytokines in plasma from patients with major depressive disorder (MDD; n?=?19) and healthy volunteers (n?=?14) were analyzed with electrochemiluminescence detection. Tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC/MS. KYNA was analyzed in a second healthy control cohort (n?=?22). Results: Patients with MDD had increased plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 compared to healthy volunteers (P? äElectroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynu(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing