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2016 ; 8
(2
): 79
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Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production by Isoleucine and Valine and Impact
of Diet Composition
#MMPMID26891318
Arrieta-Cruz I
; Su Y
; Gutiérrez-Juárez R
Nutrients
2016[Feb]; 8
(2
): 79
PMID26891318
show ga
Leucine has been shown to acutely inhibit hepatic glucose production in rodents
by a mechanism requiring its metabolism to acetyl-CoA in the mediobasal
hypothalamus (MBH). In the early stages, all branched-chain amino acids (BCAA)
are metabolized by a shared set of enzymes to produce a ketoacid, which is later
metabolized to acetyl-CoA. Consequently, isoleucine and valine may also modulate
glucose metabolism. To examine this possibility we performed intrahypothalamic
infusions of isoleucine or valine in rats and assessed whole body glucose
kinetics under basal conditions and during euglycemic pancreatic clamps.
Furthermore, because high fat diet (HFD) consumption is known to interfere with
central glucoregulation, we also asked whether the action of BCAAs was affected
by HFD. We fed rats a lard-rich diet for a short interval and examined their
response to central leucine. The results showed that both isoleucine and valine
individually lowered blood glucose by decreasing liver glucose production.
Furthermore, the action of the BCAA leucine was markedly attenuated by HFD
feeding. We conclude that all three BCAAs centrally modulate glucose metabolism
in the liver and that their action is disrupted by HFD-induced insulin
resistance.