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10.1007/s40272-015-0138-0 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s40272-015-0138-0 C4768233!4768233!26076801     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Paediatr+Drugs 2015 ; 17 (ä): 339-48 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26076801|t=2015. Pain in Intellectually Disabled Children: Towards Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy?|pdf=|usr=}}{{26076801}} gab.com Text Pain in Intellectually Disabled Children: Towards Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy JO: Paediatr Drugs http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26076801 #FOAvip This critical opinion article deals with the challenges of finding the most effective pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of pain in intellectually disabled children and provides recommendations for clinical practice and research. Intellectual disability can be caused by a wide variety of underlying diseases and may be associated with congenital anomalies such as cardiac defects, small-bowel obstructions or limb abnormalities as well as with comorbidities such as scoliosis, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, spasticity, and epilepsy. These conditions themselves or any necessary surgical interventions are sources of pain. Epilepsy often requires chronic pharmacological treatment with antiepileptic drugs. These antiepileptic drugs can potentially cause drug?drug interactions with analgesic drugs. It is unfortunate that children with intellectual disabilities often cannot communicate pain to caregivers. Although these children are at high risk of experiencing pain, researchers nevertheless often have to exclude them from trials on pain management because of ethical considerations. We therefore make a plea for prescribers, researchers, patient organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and policy makers to study evidence-based, safe and effective pharmacotherapy in these children through properly designed studies. In the meantime, parents and clinicians must resort to validated pain assessment tools such as the revised FLACC scale. Twit Text FOAVip Pain in Intellectually Disabled Children: Towards Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy ????Paediatr Drugs http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26076801 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26076801 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26076801}}</ref> Pain in Intellectually Disabled Children: Towards Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy? #MMPMID26076801 Valkenburg AJ; de Leeuw TG; van Dijk M; Tibboel D Paediatr Drugs 2015[]; 17 (ä): 339-48 PMID26076801show ga This critical opinion article deals with the challenges of finding the most effective pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of pain in intellectually disabled children and provides recommendations for clinical practice and research. Intellectual disability can be caused by a wide variety of underlying diseases and may be associated with congenital anomalies such as cardiac defects, small-bowel obstructions or limb abnormalities as well as with comorbidities such as scoliosis, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, spasticity, and epilepsy. These conditions themselves or any necessary surgical interventions are sources of pain. Epilepsy often requires chronic pharmacological treatment with antiepileptic drugs. These antiepileptic drugs can potentially cause drug?drug interactions with analgesic drugs. It is unfortunate that children with intellectual disabilities often cannot communicate pain to caregivers. Although these children are at high risk of experiencing pain, researchers nevertheless often have to exclude them from trials on pain management because of ethical considerations. We therefore make a plea for prescribers, researchers, patient organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and policy makers to study evidence-based, safe and effective pharmacotherapy in these children through properly designed studies. In the meantime, parents and clinicians must resort to validated pain assessment tools such as the revised FLACC scale. äPain in Intellectually Disabled Children: Towards Evidence-Based Pharm(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing