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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 PLoS+One
2016 ; 11
(2
): e0150034
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Shaking Youngsters and Shaken Adults: Female Beetles Eavesdrop on Larval Seed
Vibrations to Make Egg-Laying Decisions
#MMPMID26913508
Guedes RN
; Yack JE
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(2
): e0150034
PMID26913508
show ga
Egg-laying decisions are critical for insects, and particularly those competing
for limited resources. Sensory information used by females to mediate egg-laying
decisions has been reported to be primarily chemical, but the role of vibration
has received little attention. We tested the hypothesis that vibrational cues
produced by feeding larvae occupying a seed influences egg-laying decisions
amongst female cowpea beetles. This hypothesis is supported by three lines of
evidence using two strains of the cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus), an
Indian strain with choosy females and aggressively competing larvae and a
Brazilian strain with less choosy females and larvae exhibiting an
"accommodating" type of competition. First, in free-choice bioassays of seed
selection, choosy Indian females selected control seeds (free of eggs, larvae, or
egg-laying marker) over seeds with live larvae (free of eggs and egg-laying
marker), but did not discriminate between control seeds and those with dead
larvae. In contrast, less choosy Brazilian females showed no preference for seeds
containing live or dead larvae over controls. Second, laser-doppler vibrometer
recordings confirmed that larvae feeding inside seeds generate vibrations that
are available to the female during egg-laying decisions. Third, during
dichotomous choice experiments where artificial vibrations approximating those
produced by feeding larvae were played back during seed selection, Indian females
preferred immobile control seeds over vibrating seeds, but Brazilian females
showed no preference. These results support the hypothesis that females use
larval vibrations in their egg-laying decisions; whether these vibrations are
passive cues exploited by the female, or active signals that 'steer' the
behaviour of the female is unknown. We propose that vibration cues and signals
could be important for host selection in insects, particularly those laying on
substrates where visual or chemical cues may be unreliable. This seems to be the
case with females of the cowpea beetle since visual cues are not important and
chemical egg-marking does not last more than two weeks, allowing vibration cues
to improve discrimination of egg-laying substrate particularly by choosy females.