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10.1007/s00535-015-1141-5 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s00535-015-1141-5 C4767578!4767578!26553054     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Gastroenterol 2016 ; 51 (3): 195-205 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26553054|t=2016. Regulation of virulence: The rise and fall of gastrointestinal pathogens |pdf=|usr=}}{{26553054}} gab.com Text Regulation of virulence: The rise and fall of gastrointestinal pathogens JO: J Gastroenterol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26553054 #FOAvip Colonization resistance by the commensal microbiota is a key defense against infectious pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota directly competes with incoming pathogens by occupying the colonization niche, depleting nutrients in the gut lumen as well as indirectly inhibiting the growth of pathogens through activation of host immunity. Enteric pathogens have evolved strategies to cope with microbiota-mediated colonization resistance. Pathogens utilize a wide array of virulence factors to outcompete their commensal rivals in the gut. However, since the expression of virulence factors is costly to maintain and reduces bacterial fitness, pathogens need to regulate their virulence properly in order to maximize their fitness. To this end, most pathogens use environmental cues to regulate their virulence gene expression. Thus, a dynamic regulation of virulence factor expression is a key invasion strategy utilized by enteric pathogens. On the other hand, host immunity selectively targets virulent pathogens in order to counter infection in the gut. The host immune system is generally tolerant of harmless microorganisms, such as the commensal microbiota. Moreover, the host relies on its commensal microbiota to contribute, in concert with its immune system, to the elimination of pathogens. Collectively, regulation of virulence determines the fate of enteric pathogens, from the establishment of infection to the eventual elimination. Here, we will review the dynamics of virulence and its role in infection. Twit Text FOAVip Regulation of virulence: The rise and fall of gastrointestinal pathogens ????J Gastroenterol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26553054 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26553054 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26553054}}</ref> Regulation of virulence: The rise and fall of gastrointestinal pathogens #MMPMID26553054 Kitamoto S; Nagao-Kitamoto H; Kuffa P; Kamada N J Gastroenterol 2016[Mar]; 51 (3): 195-205 PMID26553054show ga Colonization resistance by the commensal microbiota is a key defense against infectious pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota directly competes with incoming pathogens by occupying the colonization niche, depleting nutrients in the gut lumen as well as indirectly inhibiting the growth of pathogens through activation of host immunity. Enteric pathogens have evolved strategies to cope with microbiota-mediated colonization resistance. Pathogens utilize a wide array of virulence factors to outcompete their commensal rivals in the gut. However, since the expression of virulence factors is costly to maintain and reduces bacterial fitness, pathogens need to regulate their virulence properly in order to maximize their fitness. To this end, most pathogens use environmental cues to regulate their virulence gene expression. Thus, a dynamic regulation of virulence factor expression is a key invasion strategy utilized by enteric pathogens. On the other hand, host immunity selectively targets virulent pathogens in order to counter infection in the gut. The host immune system is generally tolerant of harmless microorganisms, such as the commensal microbiota. Moreover, the host relies on its commensal microbiota to contribute, in concert with its immune system, to the elimination of pathogens. Collectively, regulation of virulence determines the fate of enteric pathogens, from the establishment of infection to the eventual elimination. Here, we will review the dynamics of virulence and its role in infection. äRegulation of virulence: The rise and fall of gastrointestinal pathoge(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing