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2015 ; 19
(3
): 159-66
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Nonoccupational anthracofibrosis/anthracosilicosis from Ladakh in Jammu and
Kashmir, India: A case series
#MMPMID26957815
Spalgais S
; Gothi D
; Jaiswal A
; Gupta K
Indian J Occup Environ Med
2015[Sep]; 19
(3
): 159-66
PMID26957815
show ga
BACKGROUND: Nonoccupational anthracosis and silicosis has been reported from
various parts of the world including Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India; however,
anthracosilicosis has only been reported in industrial workers till date.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six cases from the Ladakh region in Jammu and Kashmir,
India with similar clinico-radiological-pathological features, i.e.,
anthracosilicosis/anthracofibrosis have been analyzed. Of these, four were
analyzed retrospectively and two prospectively. RESULT: All the patients were
homemakers and resided in Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India since birth with an
age range of 42-62 years and an average age of 56 years. Their average duration
of symptoms was 4 years. Spirometry showed small and/or large airway disease in
5/6 cases. On computed tomography (CT), 4/6 cases showed progressive massive
fibrosis (PMF) with calcified mediastinal lymph nodes. There were random or
centrilobular nodules in all the six cases. Bronchoscopy in 5/6 cases showed
multiple anthracotic pigments with narrowing and distortion of the bronchus
(anthracofibrosis). Malignancy was suspected clinico-radiologically in four cases
and pathologically in two cases. On histopathology, anthracosis was demonstrated
in all and silicosis in three cases. CONCLUSION: Anthracosilicosis can occur due
to environmental exposure. Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India is the only place
across the globe with unique environmental features having the presence of both
free silica and biomass fuel. The disease was observed predominantly in older
women. Awareness would prevent unnecessary investigation for malignancy.
Treatment with the bronchodilator is useful as it has evidence of airway disease.
Finally, environmental measures and a proper study need to be undertaken for
knowing the relative role of silica versus soot in causing the lung disease and
preventing this irreversible condition.