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2016 ; 7
(ä): 213
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The Relative Importance of Genetic Diversity and Phenotypic Plasticity in
Determining Invasion Success of a Clonal Weed in the USA and China
#MMPMID26941769
Geng Y
; van Klinken RD
; Sosa A
; Li B
; Chen J
; Xu CY
Front Plant Sci
2016[]; 7
(ä): 213
PMID26941769
show ga
Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as an important adaptive strategy for
clonal plants in heterogeneous habitats. Increased phenotypic plasticity can be
especially beneficial for invasive clonal plants, allowing them to colonize new
environments even when genetic diversity is low. However, the relative importance
of genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity for invasion success remains
largely unknown. Here, we performed molecular marker analyses and a common garden
experiment to investigate the genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity of the
globally important weed Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to different
water availability (terrestrial vs. aquatic habitats). This species relies
predominantly on clonal propagation in introduced ranges. We therefore expected
genetic diversity to be restricted in the two sampled introduced ranges (the USA
and China) when compared to the native range (Argentina), but that phenotypic
plasticity may allow the species' full niche range to nonetheless be exploited.
We found clones from China had very low genetic diversity in terms of both marker
diversity and quantitative variation when compared with those from the USA and
Argentina, probably reflecting different introduction histories. In contrast,
similar patterns of phenotypic plasticity were found for clones from all three
regions. Furthermore, despite the different levels of genetic diversity,
bioclimatic modeling suggested that the full potential bioclimatic distribution
had been invaded in both China and USA. Phenotypic plasticity, not genetic
diversity, was therefore critical in allowing A. philoxeroides to invade diverse
habitats across broad geographic areas.