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10.1155/2016/9089610 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1155/2016/9089610 C4761668!4761668!26977415     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Biomed+Res+Int 2016 ; 2016 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26977415|t=2016. The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts |pdf=|usr=}}{{26977415}} gab.com Text The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts JO: Biomed Res Int http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26977415 #FOAvip The understanding of how osteoclasts are generated and whether they can be altered by inflammatory stimuli is a topic of particular interest for osteoclastogenesis. It is known that the monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to osteoclasts (OCs) by the action of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce cell differentiation through their receptors, c-fms and RANK, respectively. The multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) generated by the engagement of RANK/RANKL are typical OCs. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the question of which subset of macrophages generates OCs. Indeed, two main subsets of macrophages are postulated, the inflammatory or classically activated type (M1) and the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated type (M2). It has been proposed that macrophages can be polarized in vitro towards a predominantly M1 or M2 phenotype with the addition of granulocyte macrophage- (GM-) CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Various inflammatory stimuli known to induce macrophage polarization, such as LPS or TNF-?, can alter the type of MGC obtained from RANKL-induced differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of immune-related stimuli and factors in inducing macrophages towards the osteoclastogenesis choice. Twit Text FOAVip The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts ????Biomed Res Int http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26977415 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26977415 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26977415}}</ref> The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts #MMPMID26977415 Lampiasi N; Russo R; Zito F Biomed Res Int 2016[]; 2016 (ä): ä PMID26977415show ga The understanding of how osteoclasts are generated and whether they can be altered by inflammatory stimuli is a topic of particular interest for osteoclastogenesis. It is known that the monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to osteoclasts (OCs) by the action of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce cell differentiation through their receptors, c-fms and RANK, respectively. The multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) generated by the engagement of RANK/RANKL are typical OCs. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the question of which subset of macrophages generates OCs. Indeed, two main subsets of macrophages are postulated, the inflammatory or classically activated type (M1) and the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated type (M2). It has been proposed that macrophages can be polarized in vitro towards a predominantly M1 or M2 phenotype with the addition of granulocyte macrophage- (GM-) CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Various inflammatory stimuli known to induce macrophage polarization, such as LPS or TNF-?, can alter the type of MGC obtained from RANKL-induced differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of immune-related stimuli and factors in inducing macrophages towards the osteoclastogenesis choice. äThe Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing