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10.1098/rspb.2015.2870 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1098/rspb.2015.2870 C4760176!4760176!26842574     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Proc+Biol+Sci 2016 ; 283 (1824): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26842574|t=2016. Inter- and intraspecific conflicts between parasites over host manipulation |pdf=|usr=}}{{26842574}} gab.com Text Inter- and intraspecific conflicts between parasites over host manipulation JO: Proc Biol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26842574 #FOAvip Host manipulation is a common strategy by which parasites alter the behaviour of their host to enhance their own fitness. In nature, hosts are usually infected by multiple parasites. This can result in a conflict over host manipulation. Studies of such a conflict in experimentally infected hosts are rare. The cestode Schistocephalus solidus (S) and the nematode Camallanus lacustris (C) use copepods as their first intermediate host. They need to grow for some time inside this host before they are infective and ready to be trophically transmitted to their subsequent fish host. Accordingly, not yet infective parasites manipulate to suppress predation. Infective ones manipulate to enhance predation. We experimentally infected laboratory-bred copepods in a manner that resulted in copepods harbouring (i) an infective C plus a not yet infective C or S, or (ii) an infective S plus a not yet infective C. An infective C completely sabotaged host manipulation by any not yet infective parasite. An infective S partially reduced host manipulation by a not yet infective C. We hence show experimentally that a parasite can reduce or even sabotage host manipulation exerted by a parasite from a different species. Twit Text FOAVip Inter- and intraspecific conflicts between parasites over host manipulation ????Proc Biol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26842574 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26842574 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26842574}}</ref> Inter- and intraspecific conflicts between parasites over host manipulation #MMPMID26842574 Hafer N; Milinski M Proc Biol Sci 2016[Feb]; 283 (1824): ä PMID26842574show ga Host manipulation is a common strategy by which parasites alter the behaviour of their host to enhance their own fitness. In nature, hosts are usually infected by multiple parasites. This can result in a conflict over host manipulation. Studies of such a conflict in experimentally infected hosts are rare. The cestode Schistocephalus solidus (S) and the nematode Camallanus lacustris (C) use copepods as their first intermediate host. They need to grow for some time inside this host before they are infective and ready to be trophically transmitted to their subsequent fish host. Accordingly, not yet infective parasites manipulate to suppress predation. Infective ones manipulate to enhance predation. We experimentally infected laboratory-bred copepods in a manner that resulted in copepods harbouring (i) an infective C plus a not yet infective C or S, or (ii) an infective S plus a not yet infective C. An infective C completely sabotaged host manipulation by any not yet infective parasite. An infective S partially reduced host manipulation by a not yet infective C. We hence show experimentally that a parasite can reduce or even sabotage host manipulation exerted by a parasite from a different species. äInter- and intraspecific conflicts between parasites over host manipul(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing