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10.1097/EDE.0000000000000422 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000422 C4748718!4748718!26600257     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Epidemiology 2016 ; 27 (2): 221-7 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26600257|t=2016. PM2 5 and mortality in 207 US cities: Modification by temperature and city characteristics |pdf=|usr=}}{{26600257}} gab.com Text PM2 5 and mortality in 207 US cities: Modification by temperature and city characteristics JO: Epidemiology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26600257 #FOAvip Background: The reported estimated effects between long-term PM2.5 exposures and mortality vary spatially. We assessed whether community-level variables, including socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and temperature, modify this association. Methods: We used data from >35 million Medicare enrollees from 207 U.S. cities (2000?2010). For each city, we calculated annual PM2.5 averages, measured at ambient central monitoring sites. We used a variation of a causal modeling approach and fitted city-specific Cox models, which we then pooled using a random effects meta-regression. In this second stage, we assessed whether temperature and city-level variables, including smoking and obesity rates, poverty, education and greenness, modify the long-term PM2.5?mortality association. Results: We found an association between long-term PM2.5 and survival (HR = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.1?1.3 per 10 µg/m3 increase in the annual PM2.5 average concentrations). We observed elevated estimates in the Southeastern, South and Northwestern U.S. (HR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.7?2.2, 1.4; 95%CI: 1.2?1.7 and 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1?1.9 respectively). We observed a higher association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and mortality in warmer cities. Furthermore, we observed increasing estimates with increasing obesity rates, %residents and families in poverty, %black residents and %population without a high school degree, and lower effects with increasing median household income and %white residents. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess modification by temperature and community-level characteristics on the long-term PM2.5?survival association. Our findings suggest that living in cities with high temperatures and low SES is associated with higher effect estimates. Twit Text FOAVip PM2 5 and mortality in 207 US cities: Modification by temperature and city characteristics ????Epidemiology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26600257 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26600257 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26600257}}</ref> PM2 5 and mortality in 207 US cities: Modification by temperature and city characteristics #MMPMID26600257 Kioumourtzoglou MA; Schwartz J; James P; Dominici F; Zanobetti A Epidemiology 2016[Mar]; 27 (2): 221-7 PMID26600257show ga Background: The reported estimated effects between long-term PM2.5 exposures and mortality vary spatially. We assessed whether community-level variables, including socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and temperature, modify this association. Methods: We used data from >35 million Medicare enrollees from 207 U.S. cities (2000?2010). For each city, we calculated annual PM2.5 averages, measured at ambient central monitoring sites. We used a variation of a causal modeling approach and fitted city-specific Cox models, which we then pooled using a random effects meta-regression. In this second stage, we assessed whether temperature and city-level variables, including smoking and obesity rates, poverty, education and greenness, modify the long-term PM2.5?mortality association. Results: We found an association between long-term PM2.5 and survival (HR = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.1?1.3 per 10 µg/m3 increase in the annual PM2.5 average concentrations). We observed elevated estimates in the Southeastern, South and Northwestern U.S. (HR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.7?2.2, 1.4; 95%CI: 1.2?1.7 and 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1?1.9 respectively). We observed a higher association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and mortality in warmer cities. Furthermore, we observed increasing estimates with increasing obesity rates, %residents and families in poverty, %black residents and %population without a high school degree, and lower effects with increasing median household income and %white residents. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess modification by temperature and community-level characteristics on the long-term PM2.5?survival association. Our findings suggest that living in cities with high temperatures and low SES is associated with higher effect estimates. äPM2 5 and mortality in 207 US cities: Modification by temperature and (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing