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2015 ; 6
(31
): 30730-44
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Discovery of Compound A--a selective activator of the glucocorticoid receptor
with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity
#MMPMID26436695
Lesovaya E
; Yemelyanov A
; Swart AC
; Swart P
; Haegeman G
; Budunova I
Oncotarget
2015[Oct]; 6
(31
): 30730-44
PMID26436695
show ga
Glucocorticoids are among the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs, and are
widely used for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with
glucocorticoids results in multiple side effects. Thus, there was an intensive
search for selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activators (SEGRA), which
retain therapeutic potential of glucocorticoids, but with fewer adverse effects.
GR regulates gene expression by transactivation (TA), by binding as homodimer to
gene promoters, or transrepression (TR), via diverse mechanisms including
negative interaction between monomeric GR and other transcription factors. It is
well accepted that metabolic and atrophogenic effects of glucocorticoids are
mediated by GR TA. Here we summarized the results of extensive international
collaboration that led to discovery and characterization of Compound A (CpdA), a
unique SEGRA with a proven "dissociating" GR ligand profile, preventing GR
dimerization and shifting GR activity towards TR both in vitro and in vivo. We
outlined here the unusual story of compound's discovery, and presented a
comprehensive overview of CpdA ligand properties, its anti-inflammatory effects
in numerous animal models of inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as well as its
anti-cancer effects. Finally, we presented mechanistic analysis of CpdA and
glucocorticoid effects in skin, muscle, bone, and regulation of glucose and fat
metabolism to explain decreased CpdA side effects compared to glucocorticoids.
Overall, the results obtained by our and other laboratories underline
translational potential of CpdA and its derivatives for treatment of
inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects/isolation & purification/*therapeutic
use
[MESH]
|Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects/isolation &
purification/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Cell Line, Tumor
[MESH]
|Disease Models, Animal
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Phytotherapy
[MESH]
|Plant Extracts/adverse effects/isolation & purification/*therapeutic use
[MESH]