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2015 ; 128
(13
): 1820-5
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Progress in Diagnosing Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis,
and Stroke-like Episodes
#MMPMID26112726
Wang YX
; Le WD
Chin Med J (Engl)
2015[Jul]; 128
(13
): 1820-5
PMID26112726
show ga
OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and
stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a progressive, multisystem affected mitochondrial
disease associated with a number of disease-related defective genes. MELAS has
unpredictable presentations and clinical course, and it can be commonly
misdiagnosed as encephalitis, cerebral infarction, or brain neoplasms. This
review aimed to update the diagnosis progress in MELAS, which may provide better
understanding of the disease nature and help make the right diagnosis as well.
DATA SOURCES: The data used in this review came from published peer review
articles from October 1984 to October 2014, which were obtained from PubMed. The
search term is "MELAS". STUDY SELECTION: Information selected from those reported
studies is mainly based on the progress on clinical features, blood biochemistry,
neuroimaging, muscle biopsy, and genetics in diagnosing MELAS. RESULTS: MELAS has
a wide heterogeneity in genetics and clinical manifestations. The relationship
between mutations and phenotypes remains unclear. Advanced serial functional
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide directional information on this
disease. Muscle biopsy has meaningful value in diagnosing MELAS, which shows the
presence of ragged red fibers and mosaic appearance of cytochrome oxidase
negative fibers. Genetic studies have reported that approximately 80% of MELAS
cases are caused by the mutation m.3243A>G of the mitochondrial transfer RNA (Leu
(UUR)) gene (MT-TL1). CONCLUSIONS: MELAS involves multiple systems with variable
clinical symptoms and recurrent episodes. The prognosis of MELAS patients depends
on timely diagnosis. Therefore, overall diagnosis of MELAS should be based on the
maternal inheritance family history, clinical manifestation, and findings from
serial MRI, muscle biopsy, and genetics.