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2016 ; 96
(2
): 116-36
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English Wikipedia
The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis:
implications in targeted cancer therapies
#MMPMID26618721
Yang K
; Wang X
; Zhang H
; Wang Z
; Nan G
; Li Y
; Zhang F
; Mohammed MK
; Haydon RC
; Luu HH
; Bi Y
; He TC
Lab Invest
2016[Feb]; 96
(2
): 116-36
PMID26618721
show ga
The canonical WNT/?-catenin signaling pathway governs a myriad of biological
processes underlying the development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis,
including regulation of stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis. WNTs are secreted lipid-modified glycoproteins
that act as short-range ligands to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
The hallmark of the canonical pathway is the activation of ?-catenin-mediated
transcriptional activity. Canonical WNTs control the ?-catenin dynamics as the
cytoplasmic level of ?-catenin is tightly regulated via phosphorylation by the
'destruction complex', consisting of glycogen synthase kinase 3? (GSK3?), casein
kinase 1? (CK1?), the scaffold protein AXIN, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous
polyposis coli (APC). Aberrant regulation of this signaling cascade is associated
with varieties of human diseases, especially cancers. Over the past decade,
significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of canonical
WNT signaling. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of WNT
signaling at the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular/nuclear
levels, including the emerging knowledge of cross-talk with other pathways.
Recent progresses in developing novel WNT pathway-targeted therapies will also be
reviewed. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a refresher of the current
understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic roles of WNT/?-catenin
signaling pathway, and to outline potential therapeutic opportunities by
targeting the canonical WNT pathway.