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2015 ; 21
(3
): 241-54
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Quantitative investigations of axonal and dendritic arbors: development,
structure, function, and pathology
#MMPMID24972604
Parekh R
; Ascoli GA
Neuroscientist
2015[Jun]; 21
(3
): 241-54
PMID24972604
show ga
The branching structures of neurons are a long-standing focus of neuroscience.
Axonal and dendritic morphology affect synaptic signaling, integration, and
connectivity, and their diversity reflects the computational specialization of
neural circuits. Altered neuronal morphology accompanies functional changes
during development, experience, aging, and disease. Technological improvements
continuously accelerate high-throughput tissue processing, image acquisition, and
morphological reconstruction. Digital reconstructions of neuronal morphologies
allow for complex quantitative analyses that are unattainable from raw images or
two-dimensional tracings. Furthermore, digitized morphologies enable
computational modeling of biophysically realistic neuronal dynamics.
Additionally, reconstructions generated to address specific scientific questions
have the potential for continued investigations beyond the original reason for
their acquisition. Facilitating multiple reuse are repositories like
NeuroMorpho.Org, which ease the sharing of reconstructions. Here, we review
selected scientific literature reporting the reconstruction of axonal or
dendritic morphology with diverse goals including establishment of neuronal
identity, examination of physiological properties, and quantification of
developmental or pathological changes. These reconstructions, deposited in
NeuroMorpho.Org, have since been used by other investigators in additional
research, of which we highlight representative examples. This cycle of data
generation, analysis, sharing, and reuse reveals the vast potential of digital
reconstructions in quantitative investigations of neuronal morphology.