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2015 ; 35
(2
): 225-85
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Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and
therapeutic implications
#MMPMID25164622
Wang W
; Nag S
; Zhang X
; Wang MH
; Wang H
; Zhou J
; Zhang R
Med Res Rev
2015[Mar]; 35
(2
): 225-85
PMID25164622
show ga
Ribosomes are essential components of the protein synthesis machinery. The
process of ribosome biogenesis is well organized and tightly regulated. Recent
studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) have extraribosomal functions
that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair,
and other cellular processes. The dysfunction of RPs has been linked to the
development and progression of hematological, metabolic, and cardiovascular
diseases and cancer. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in ribosomal
stress, which triggers activation of the p53 signaling pathway through RPs-MDM2
interactions, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RPs
also regulate cellular functions through p53-independent mechanisms. We herein
review the recent advances in several forefronts of RP research, including the
understanding of their biological features and roles in regulating cellular
functions, maintaining cell homeostasis, and their involvement in the
pathogenesis of human diseases. We also highlight the translational potential of
this research for the identification of molecular biomarkers, and in the
discovery and development of novel treatments for human diseases.