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2015 ; 2
(ä): 72
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Evidence for Emergency Vaccination Having Played a Crucial Role to Control the
1965/66 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak in Switzerland
#MMPMID26697436
Zingg D
; Häsler S
; Schuepbach-Regula G
; Schwermer H
; Dürr S
Front Vet Sci
2015[]; 2
(ä): 72
PMID26697436
show ga
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that caused several
large outbreaks in Europe in the last century. The last important outbreak in
Switzerland took place in 1965/66 and affected more than 900 premises and more
than 50,000 animals were slaughtered. Large-scale emergency vaccination of the
cattle and pig population has been applied to control the epidemic. In recent
years, many studies have used infectious disease models to assess the impact of
different disease control measures, including models developed for diseases
exotic for the specific region of interest. Often, the absence of real outbreak
data makes a validation of such models impossible. This study aimed to evaluate
whether a spatial, stochastic simulation model (the Davis Animal Disease
Simulation model) can predict the course of a Swiss FMD epidemic based on the
available historic input data on population structure, contact rates,
epidemiology of the virus, and quality of the vaccine. In addition, the potential
outcome of the 1965/66 FMD epidemic without application of vaccination was
investigated. Comparing the model outcomes to reality, only the largest 10% of
the simulated outbreaks approximated the number of animals being culled. However,
the simulation model highly overestimated the number of culled premises. While
the outbreak duration could not be well reproduced by the model compared to the
1965/66 epidemic, it was able to accurately estimate the size of the area
infected. Without application of vaccination, the model predicted a much higher
mean number of culled animals than with vaccination, demonstrating that
vaccination was likely crucial in disease control for the Swiss FMD outbreak in
1965/66. The study demonstrated the feasibility to analyze historical outbreak
data with modern analytical tools. However, it also confirmed that predicted
epidemics from a most carefully parameterized model cannot integrate all
eventualities of a real epidemic. Therefore, decision makers need to be aware
that infectious disease models are useful tools to support the decision-making
process but their results are not equal valuable as real observations and should
always be interpreted with caution.