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2015 ; 6
(ä): 616
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Bad News: Analysis of the Quality of Information on Influenza Prevention Returned
by Google in English and Italian
#MMPMID26697012
Maki A
; Evans R
; Ghezzi P
Front Immunol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 616
PMID26697012
show ga
Information available to the public influences the approach of the population
toward vaccination against influenza compared with other preventative approaches.
In this study, we have analyzed the first 200 websites returned by searching
Google on two topics (prevention of influenza and influenza vaccine), in English
and Italian. For all the four searches above, websites were classified according
to their typology (government, commercial, professional, portals, etc.) and for
their trustworthiness as defined by the Journal of the American Medical
Association (JAMA) score, which assesses whether they provide some basic elements
of information quality (IQ): authorship, currency, disclosure, and references.
The type of information described was also assessed to add another dimension of
IQ. Websites on influenza prevention were classified according to the type of
preventative approach mentioned (vaccine, lifestyle, hygiene, complementary
medicine, etc.), whether the approaches were in agreement with evidence-based
medicine (EBM) or not. Websites on influenza vaccination were classified as pro-
or anti-vaccine, or neutral. The great majority of websites described EBM
approaches to influenza prevention and had a pro-vaccine orientation. Government
websites mainly pointed at EBM preventative approaches and had a pro-vaccine
orientation, while there was a higher proportion of commercial websites among
those which promote non-EBM approaches. Although the JAMA score was lower in
commercial websites, it did not correlate with the preventative approaches
suggested or the orientation toward vaccines. For each of the four search engine
result pages (SERP), only one website displayed the health-of-the-net (HON) seal.
In the SERP on vaccines, journalistic websites were the most abundant category
and ranked higher than average in both languages. Analysis using natural language
processing showed that journalistic websites were mostly reporting news about two
specific topics (different in the two languages). While the ranking by Google
favors EBM approaches and, in English, does not promote commercial websites, in
both languages it gives a great advantage to news. Thus, the type of news
published during the influenza season probably has a key importance in orienting
the public opinion due to its high visibility. This raises important questions on
the relationships between health IQ, trustworthiness, and newsworthiness.