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2015 ; 11
(12
): e1005660
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Kicking against the PRCs - A Domesticated Transposase Antagonises Silencing
Mediated by Polycomb Group Proteins and Is an Accessory Component of Polycomb
Repressive Complex 2
#MMPMID26642436
Liang SC
; Hartwig B
; Perera P
; Mora-García S
; de Leau E
; Thornton H
; de Lima Alves F
; Rappsilber J
; Yang S
; James GV
; Schneeberger K
; Finnegan EJ
; Turck F
; Goodrich J
PLoS Genet
2015[Dec]; 11
(12
): e1005660
PMID26642436
show ga
The Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) genes play crucial roles in
development by regulating expression of homeotic and other genes controlling cell
fate. Both groups catalyse modifications of chromatin, particularly histone
methylation, leading to epigenetic changes that affect gene activity. The trxG
antagonizes the function of PcG genes by activating PcG target genes, and
consequently trxG mutants suppress PcG mutant phenotypes. We previously
identified the ANTAGONIST OF LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (ALP1) gene as a
genetic suppressor of mutants in the Arabidopsis PcG gene LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN
PROTEIN1 (LHP1). Here, we show that ALP1 interacts genetically with several other
PcG and trxG components and that it antagonizes PcG silencing. Transcriptional
profiling reveals that when PcG activity is compromised numerous target genes are
hyper-activated in seedlings and that in most cases this requires ALP1.
Furthermore, when PcG activity is present ALP1 is needed for full activation of
several floral homeotic genes that are repressed by the PcG. Strikingly, ALP1
does not encode a known chromatin protein but rather a protein related to
PIF/Harbinger class transposases. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ALP1 is
broadly conserved in land plants and likely lost transposase activity and
acquired a novel function during angiosperm evolution. Consistent with this,
immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (IP-MS) show that ALP1 associates, in
vivo, with core components of POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 (PRC2), a widely
conserved PcG protein complex which functions as a H3K27me3 histone
methyltransferase. Furthermore, in reciprocal pulldowns using the histone
methyltransferase CURLY LEAF (CLF), we identify not only ALP1 and the core PRC2
components but also plant-specific accessory components including EMBRYONIC
FLOWER 1 (EMF1), a transcriptional repressor previously associated with PRC1-like
complexes. Taken together our data suggest that ALP1 inhibits PcG silencing by
blocking the interaction of the core PRC2 with accessory components that promote
its HMTase activity or its role in inhibiting transcription. ALP1 is the first
example of a domesticated transposase acquiring a novel function as a PcG
component. The antagonistic interaction of a modified transposase with the PcG
machinery is novel and may have arisen as a means for the cognate transposon to
evade host surveillance or for the host to exploit features of the transposition
machinery beneficial for epigenetic regulation of gene activity.