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2015 ; 11
(12
): e1005686
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Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Human NPHP1 Locus Reveal Complex Genomic
Architecture and Its Regional Evolution in Primates
#MMPMID26641089
Yuan B
; Liu P
; Gupta A
; Beck CR
; Tejomurtula A
; Campbell IM
; Gambin T
; Simmons AD
; Withers MA
; Harris RA
; Rogers J
; Schwartz DC
; Lupski JR
PLoS Genet
2015[Dec]; 11
(12
): e1005686
PMID26641089
show ga
Many loci in the human genome harbor complex genomic structures that can result
in susceptibility to genomic rearrangements leading to various genomic disorders.
Nephronophthisis 1 (NPHP1, MIM# 256100) is an autosomal recessive disorder that
can be caused by defects of NPHP1; the gene maps within the human 2q13 region
where low copy repeats (LCRs) are abundant. Loss of function of NPHP1 is
responsible for approximately 85% of the NPHP1 cases-about 80% of such
individuals carry a large recurrent homozygous NPHP1 deletion that occurs via
nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between two flanking directly oriented
~45 kb LCRs. Published data revealed a non-pathogenic inversion polymorphism
involving the NPHP1 gene flanked by two inverted ~358 kb LCRs. Using optical
mapping and array-comparative genomic hybridization, we identified three
potential novel structural variant (SV) haplotypes at the NPHP1 locus that may
protect a haploid genome from the NPHP1 deletion. Inter-species comparative
genomic analyses among primate genomes revealed massive genomic changes during
evolution. The aggregated data suggest that dynamic genomic rearrangements
occurred historically within the NPHP1 locus and generated SV haplotypes observed
in the human population today, which may confer differential susceptibility to
genomic instability and the NPHP1 deletion within a personal genome. Our study
documents diverse SV haplotypes at a complex LCR-laden human genomic region.
Comparative analyses provide a model for how this complex region arose during
primate evolution, and studies among humans suggest that intra-species
polymorphism may potentially modulate an individual's susceptibility to acquiring
disease-associated alleles.
|*Evolution, Molecular
[MESH]
|*Genome, Human
[MESH]
|Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics
[MESH]