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2015 ; 10
(12
): e0144508
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Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Annulate Lamellae Pore
Complexes in Nuclear Transport in Mammalian Cells
#MMPMID26642330
Raghunayakula S
; Subramonian D
; Dasso M
; Kumar R
; Zhang XD
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(12
): e0144508
PMID26642330
show ga
Annulate lamellae are cytoplasmic organelles containing stacked sheets of
membranes embedded with pore complexes. These cytoplasmic pore complexes at
annulate lamellae are morphologically similar to nuclear pore complexes at the
nuclear envelope. Although annulate lamellae has been observed in nearly all
types of cells, their biological functions are still largely unknown. Here we
show that SUMO1-modification of the Ran GTPase-activating protein RanGAP1 not
only target RanGAP1 to its known sites at nuclear pore complexes but also to
annulate lamellae pore complexes through interactions with the Ran-binding
protein RanBP2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 in mammalian cells.
Furthermore, upregulation of annulate lamellae, which decreases the number of
nuclear pore complexes and concurrently increases that of annulate lamellae pore
complexes, causes a redistribution of nuclear transport receptors including
importin ?/? and the exportin CRM1 from nuclear pore complexes to annulate
lamellae pore complexes and also reduces the rates of nuclear import and export.
Moreover, our results reveal that importin ?/?-mediated import complexes
initially accumulate at annulate lamellae pore complexes upon the activation of
nuclear import and subsequently disassociate for nuclear import through nuclear
pore complexes in cells with upregulation of annulate lamellae. Lastly,
CRM1-mediated export complexes are concentrated at both nuclear pore complexes
and annulate lamellae pore complexes when the disassembly of these export
complexes is inhibited by transient expression of a Ran GTPase mutant arrested in
its GTP-bound form, suggesting that RanGAP1/RanBP2-activated RanGTP hydrolysis at
these pore complexes is required for the dissociation of the export complexes.
Hence, our findings provide a foundation for further investigation of how
upregulation of annulate lamellae decreases the rates of nuclear transport and
also for elucidation of the biological significance of the interaction between
annulate lamellae pore complexes and nuclear transport complexes in mammalian
cells.