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2015 ; 6
(11
): e1969
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Oxidative phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cancer cell apoptosis in
response to anticancer agents
#MMPMID26539916
Yadav N
; Kumar S
; Marlowe T
; Chaudhary AK
; Kumar R
; Wang J
; O'Malley J
; Boland PM
; Jayanthi S
; Kumar TK
; Yadava N
; Chandra D
Cell Death Dis
2015[Nov]; 6
(11
): e1969
PMID26539916
show ga
Cancer cells tend to develop resistance to various types of anticancer agents,
whether they adopt similar or distinct mechanisms to evade cell death in response
to a broad spectrum of cancer therapeutics is not fully defined. Current study
concludes that DNA-damaging agents (etoposide and doxorubicin), ER stressor
(thapsigargin), and histone deacetylase inhibitor (apicidin) target oxidative
phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for apoptosis induction, whereas other anticancer agents
including staurosporine, taxol, and sorafenib induce apoptosis in an
OXPHOS-independent manner. DNA-damaging agents promoted mitochondrial biogenesis
accompanied by increased accumulation of cellular and mitochondrial ROS,
mitochondrial protein-folding machinery, and mitochondrial unfolded protein
response. Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis occurred in a caspase
activation-independent mechanism but was reduced by autophagy inhibition and
p53-deficiency. Abrogation of complex-I blocked DNA-damage-induced caspase
activation and apoptosis, whereas inhibition of complex-II or a combined
deficiency of OXPHOS complexes I, III, IV, and V due to impaired mitochondrial
protein synthesis did not modulate caspase activity. Mechanistic analysis
revealed that inhibition of caspase activation in response to anticancer agents
associates with decreased release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in
complex-I-deficient cells compared with wild type (WT) cells. Gross OXPHOS
deficiencies promoted increased release of apoptosis-inducing factor from
mitochondria compared with WT or complex-I-deficient cells, suggesting that cells
harboring defective OXPHOS trigger caspase-dependent as well as
caspase-independent apoptosis in response to anticancer agents. Interestingly,
DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin showed strong binding to mitochondria, which was
disrupted by complex-I-deficiency but not by complex-II-deficiency.
Thapsigargin-induced caspase activation was reduced upon abrogation of complex-I
or gross OXPHOS deficiency whereas a reverse trend was observed with apicidin.
Together, these finding provide a new strategy for differential mitochondrial
targeting in cancer therapy.