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10.1186/s13075-015-0865-1 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s13075-015-0865-1 C4670534!4670534!26637220     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Arthritis+Res+Ther 2015 ; 17 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26637220|t=2015. Triamcinolone acetonide activates an anti-inflammatory and folate receptor?positive macrophage that prevents osteophytosis in vivo |pdf=|usr=}}{{26637220}} gab.com Text Triamcinolone acetonide activates an anti-inflammatory and folate receptor positive macrophage that prevents osteophytosis in vivo JO: Arthritis Res Ther http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26637220 #FOAvip Introduction: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is used for osteoarthritis management to reduce pain, and pre-clinical studies have shown that TA limits osteophyte formation. Osteophyte formation is known to be facilitated by synovial macrophage activation. TA injections might influence macrophage activation and subsequently reduce osteophytosis. Although widely applied in clinical care, the mechanism through which TA exerts this effect remains unknown. In this animal study, we investigated the in vivo effects of TA injections on macrophage activation, osteophyte development and joint degeneration. Furthermore, in vitro macrophage differentiation experiments were conducted to further explain working mechanisms of TA effects found in vivo. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in rat knees using papain injections and a running protocol. Untreated and TA-treated animals were longitudinally monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo micro?computed tomography (?CT) to measure subchondral bone changes. Synovial macrophage activation was measured in vivo using folate receptor ? (FR?)-targeted single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. Articular cartilage was analyzed at 6 and 12 weeks with ex vivo contrast-enhanced ?CT and histology. To further explain the outcomes of our in vivo study, TA on macrophages was also studied in vitro. These cultured macrophages were either M1- or M2-activated, and they were analyzed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting for CD163 and FR? expression as well as for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin (IL)-10. Results: Our in vivo study showed that intra-articular injections with TA strongly enhanced FR?+ macrophage activation. Despite stimulated macrophage activation, osteophyte formation was fully prevented. There was no beneficial effect of TA against cartilage degradation or subchondral bone sclerosis. In vitro macrophage cultures showed that TA strongly induced monocyte differentiation towards CD163+ and FR?+ macrophages. Furthermore, TA-stimulated M2 macrophages showed enhanced IL-10 expression at the mRNA level. Conclusions: TA injections potently induce a CD163+- and FR?+-activated macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics such as reduced IL-10 production in vitro and lack of osteophytosis in vivo. Twit Text FOAVip Triamcinolone acetonide activates an anti-inflammatory and folate receptor positive macrophage that prevents osteophytosis in vivo ????Arthritis Res Ther http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26637220 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26637220 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26637220}}</ref> Triamcinolone acetonide activates an anti-inflammatory and folate receptor?positive macrophage that prevents osteophytosis in vivo #MMPMID26637220 Siebelt M; Korthagen N; Wei W; Groen H; Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Y; Müller C; Waarsing JH; de Jong M; Weinans H Arthritis Res Ther 2015[]; 17 (ä): ä PMID26637220show ga Introduction: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is used for osteoarthritis management to reduce pain, and pre-clinical studies have shown that TA limits osteophyte formation. Osteophyte formation is known to be facilitated by synovial macrophage activation. TA injections might influence macrophage activation and subsequently reduce osteophytosis. Although widely applied in clinical care, the mechanism through which TA exerts this effect remains unknown. In this animal study, we investigated the in vivo effects of TA injections on macrophage activation, osteophyte development and joint degeneration. Furthermore, in vitro macrophage differentiation experiments were conducted to further explain working mechanisms of TA effects found in vivo. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in rat knees using papain injections and a running protocol. Untreated and TA-treated animals were longitudinally monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo micro?computed tomography (?CT) to measure subchondral bone changes. Synovial macrophage activation was measured in vivo using folate receptor ? (FR?)-targeted single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. Articular cartilage was analyzed at 6 and 12 weeks with ex vivo contrast-enhanced ?CT and histology. To further explain the outcomes of our in vivo study, TA on macrophages was also studied in vitro. These cultured macrophages were either M1- or M2-activated, and they were analyzed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting for CD163 and FR? expression as well as for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin (IL)-10. Results: Our in vivo study showed that intra-articular injections with TA strongly enhanced FR?+ macrophage activation. Despite stimulated macrophage activation, osteophyte formation was fully prevented. There was no beneficial effect of TA against cartilage degradation or subchondral bone sclerosis. In vitro macrophage cultures showed that TA strongly induced monocyte differentiation towards CD163+ and FR?+ macrophages. Furthermore, TA-stimulated M2 macrophages showed enhanced IL-10 expression at the mRNA level. Conclusions: TA injections potently induce a CD163+- and FR?+-activated macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics such as reduced IL-10 production in vitro and lack of osteophytosis in vivo. äTriamcinolone acetonide activates an anti-inflammatory and folate rece(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing