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2015 ; 6
(1
): e1599
Nephropedia Template TP
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NAMPT inhibition sensitizes pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to tumor-selective,
PAR-independent metabolic catastrophe and cell death induced by ?-lapachone
#MMPMID25590809
Moore Z
; Chakrabarti G
; Luo X
; Ali A
; Hu Z
; Fattah FJ
; Vemireddy R
; DeBerardinis RJ
; Brekken RA
; Boothman DA
Cell Death Dis
2015[Jan]; 6
(1
): e1599
PMID25590809
show ga
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors (e.g., FK866) target
the most active pathway of NAD(+) synthesis in tumor cells, but lack
tumor-selectivity for use as a single agent. Reducing NAD(+) pools by inhibiting
NAMPT primed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells for poly(ADP ribose)
polymerase (PARP1)-dependent cell death induced by the targeted cancer
therapeutic, ?-lapachone (?-lap, ARQ761), independent of poly(ADP ribose) (PAR)
accumulation. ?-Lap is bioactivated by NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in a
futile redox cycle that consumes oxygen and generates high levels of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) that cause extensive DNA damage and rapid PARP1-mediated
NAD(+) consumption. Synergy with FK866+?-lap was tumor-selective, only occurring
in NQO1-overexpressing cancer cells, which is noted in a majority (?85%) of PDA
cases. This treatment strategy simultaneously decreases NAD(+) synthesis while
increasing NAD(+) consumption, reducing required doses and treatment times for
both drugs and increasing potency. These complementary mechanisms caused profound
NAD(P)(+) depletion and inhibited glycolysis, driving down adenosine triphosphate
levels and preventing recovery normally observed with either agent alone. Cancer
cells died through an ROS-induced, ?-calpain-mediated programmed cell death
process that kills independent of caspase activation and is not driven by PAR
accumulation, which we call NAD(+)-Keresis. Non-overlapping specificities of
FK866 for PDA tumors that rely heavily on NAMPT-catalyzed NAD(+) synthesis and
?-lap for cancer cells with elevated NQO1 levels affords high tumor-selectivity.
The concept of reducing NAD(+) pools in cancer cells to sensitize them to
ROS-mediated cell death by ?-lap is a novel strategy with potential application
for pancreatic and other types of NQO1+ solid tumors.